Modeling and simulating the multi-generation product sales, production and inventory system within the context of quality upgrades.

The rapid development of science and technology has led to an increasing number of high-tech enterprises offering new products through successive generations of product upgrades. This trend presents a new challenge for the sustainable operations of enterprises. Based on the Norton-Bass model, this study begins by constructing a multi-generation product diffusion model within a single enterprise in the context of a monopoly under the quality upgrade scenario. Subsequently, a supply model is established based on this foundation, and these two models are seamlessly integrated using product sales volume as an interface, culminating in a comprehensive sales-supply system. This study analyzes the effects of new-product pricing, quality levels, initial stock, and production capacity on the performance of this system. The system dynamics (SD) method was used to simulate and solve the system in the decentralized and centralized decision-making modes, and the two decision-making modes were compared and analyzed. The research reveals several key findings. i) Comprehensive decision optimization yields enhanced profitability through joint optimization calculation of the multi-generation product diffusion system and the supply adjustment system. ii) consumer price sensitivity significantly affects product quality upgrades and profits. A negative correlation exists between consumer price sensitivity and both factors. The upgrades of product quality should be carefully traded off with consideration of pricing and quality costs. iii) Maximizing profits by maintaining a certain order level of backlog or stock shortage is beneficial for overall enterprise profitability. Additionally, optimal production capacity has been identified as a crucial element in efficient operational inventory management. This study expands the multi-generation product diffusion operational theory and provides valuable theoretical support and decision-making foundations for the sustainable management of enterprises.

Clinical analysis of functional optical zone after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in patients with different degrees of myopic astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of preoperative degrees of myopic astigmatism and anterior corneal curvature on the functional optical zone(FOZ)after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TransPRK).METHODS: Retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients(130 eyes)with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent TransPRK, and they were divided into control group(cylinder 0D), moderate astigmatism group(-0.50～-2.00D)and high astigmatism group(>-2.00～<-6.00D). The FOZ was measured and compared among the three groups 6mo after operation. The correlations between attempted correction, anterior corneal curvature, corneal aberrations, Q value, and the FOZ were analyzed.RESULTS: At 6mo after operation, the mean FOZ was 5.16±0.12mm in the control group, 5.29±0.23mm in the moderate astigmatism group, and 5.49±0.23mm in the high astigmatism group(P<0.001), and the FOZ of the high astigmatism group was significantly higher than moderate astigmatism and control group(P<0.05, P<0.001); Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in spherical equivalent, total corneal higher-order aberrations(HOAs), coma, and spherical aberration were all negatively correlated with FOZ(all P<0.05); and FOZ positively correlated with changes in the steep curvature(K2), mean curvature(Km), corneal astigmatism, and Q value(all P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was still positive correlation between preoperative K2 and FOZ after adjusting for other risk factors(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Patients with high astigmatism can obtain a larger FOZ and less induced coma after TransPRK. A larger FOZ can be achieved in eyes with steeper keratometry.

Analysis of metabolites of rocuronium bromide in human bile and the study of transmembrane transport mechanism / 药学学报

Rocuronium bromide is an acetylcholine N2 receptor antagonist, which can be used as an auxiliary drug for general anesthesia. It has been reported that rocuronium has two possible metabolic pathways: N-dealkylation and O-deacetylation, which are mainly taken up by liver and excreted by bile in the form of primary drugs. In this paper, the metabolites of rocuronium in human bile were detected by UHPLC-QE-orbitrap-MS, thirteen metabolites were detected, including eleven phase I metabolites and two phase II metabolites, eleven of which had not been previously reported. At the same time, HEK293 cells overexpressing transporter were used to explore the transmembrane transport mechanism of rocuronium, the results showed that rocuronium was the substrate of MATE1, OCT1, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. The above research results enrich the metabolic pathway of rocuronium in vivo, and put forward the possible transport mechanism of liver uptake and bile excretion, which can better guide the accurate and safe clinical drug application. The collection of human bile samples in this study was approved by the ethics committee of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval Number: 2019-775-130-01).

Research progress on related factors of occult myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Occult myopia refers to a special type of myopia, which is caused by the axial length beyond the normal range of children's normal age, and the corneal curvature is lower than the normal range of children with the normal age range of the vision. Because the vision of occult myopia children is within the normal range, it is easy to be ignored in myopia screening. Without timely myopia prevention and control, occult myopia is very easy to develop into dominant myopia, not only the visual development is seriously affected, but visual function will also produce irreversible changes. It is found that the axial length, corneal curvature, retina and chorioid of occult myopia are different from those of ordinary myopia. The change of these indicators can be used to assist the diagnosis and observe their development process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress at home and abroad on ocular axis length, corneal curvature, macular retinal thickness, macular choroidal thickness and other related factors in children with occult myopia, in order to provide references for related clinical research.

Efficacy of Bushen Huoxue Decoction for Patients with Intra Uterine Adhesions After Trans Cervical Resection Adhesions Operation and Effect on Fibrotic Factors / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the efficacy of Bushen Huoxue decoction for recovery in patients with intra uterine adhesions （IUA） after trans cervical resection adhesions （TCRA） operation， and to investigate its effect on fibrosis factor. Method:The 110 patients were randomly divided into two groups by random number table （55 cases for control group and 55 cases for observation group）. The patients in both groups got TCRA， and after the operation， they got estradiol valerate tablets+progesterone capsules. The patients in control group additionally got Jinfengwan before meals， 10 g/time， 2 times/day. Patients in observation additionally got syndrome differentiation and treatment by Bushen Huoxuetang， 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 3 months in both groups， and 6 months' follow-up was recorded. Before and after treatment， menstrual volume， period and cycle were recorded. During the follow-up， pregnancy， ectopic pregnancy and abortion were also recorded. Endoscopy and vagina color Doppler ultrasound were conducted to detect endometrial thickness， uterine volume， resistance index （RI）， pulsation index （PI） and blood flow index （FI）. Scores of IUA and syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis were graded. At the 6^th months after treatment， rate of intrauterine re-adhesion was recorded. Levels of transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁（TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）， connective tissue growth factor （CTGF）， matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 （TIMP-1）， platelet-derived growth factor （PDGF）， insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were detected， and safety was evaluated. Result:Total effective rate of clinical efficacy was 96.36% （53/55） in observation group， higher than 83.64% （46/55） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.959， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Recovery rate of menstrual volume， period and cycle were 92.73% （51/55）， 90.91% （50/55）， and 94.55% （52/55） in observation group， higher than 72.73% （40/55）， 76.36% （42/55）， and 76.36% （42/55） in control group（<italic>χ</italic>²=7.698，<italic>χ</italic>²=4.245，<italic>χ</italic>²=7.313，<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. During the follow-up， rate of intrauterine re-adhesions was 23.64% （13/55） in observation group， lower than 43.64% （24/55） in control group （<italic>χ</italic>²=4.927，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Pregnancy rate was 45.45% （25/55）， higher than 25.45% （14/55） in control group（<italic>χ</italic>²=4.807，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Score of syndrome of kidney deficiency and blood stasis and IUA scores in observation group were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Endometrial thickness， uterine volume， and FI were higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Levels of RI， PI， TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁， CTGF， PDGF， IGF-1 and TIMP-1 were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while level of MMP-9 was higher than that in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. No adverse reactions related to traditional Chinese medicine were found. Conclusion:Bushen Huoxue decoction can promote the recovery of menstruation， increase the thickness of endometrium， improve the blood circulation of uterus， regulate the expression of fibrogenic factors<italic> in vivo</italic>， prevent and treat intrauterine adhesions， reduce the rate of intrauterine re-adhesions， and improve the rate of pregnancy， with a good comprehensive effect and high safety for clinical use.

Research Progress in Genetic Research of Fatigue / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Fatigue refers to the manifestation of disorders in the process of carrying out or maintaining random activities， which can be regarded as an independent disease or as a symptom in a variety of chronic diseases. The high incidence of fatigue has seriously affected people's physical and mental health， and the prevention and treatment of fatigue has become an important problem to be solved urgently. The pathogenesis of fatigue mainly includes energy consumpation， accumulation of metabolites， abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters， decline of mitochondrial function， dysfunction of hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis， etc. At present， there is no unified understanding about the pathogenesis of fatigue at home and abroad. The gene research of fatigue is the current research frontier. Gene expression profiling provides a new method for the study of the mechanism of fatigue. The combination of gene chip technology and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） theory is expected to bring a breakthrough in the study of the pathogenesis of fatigue. In the study of fatigue gene chip， messenger RNA（mRNA） and microRNA（miRNA） are the common research objects， but few explorations are focused on the gene expression rule of fatigue by a specific signaling pathway and the effective regulation targets of TCM for treating fatigue. In recent years， the dysfunction of reward and inhibition mechanism in the central nervous system has become a research hotspot. In particular， gamma amino butyric acid （GABA） and dopamine （DA） have attracted much attention as the main substances of inhibition and reward mechanism， respectively. GABA and DA are used as inhibition and reward mechanisms to maintain the balance， and the body will not feel fatigue. Once the balance is broken， the fatigue will be formed. At the same time， DA and GABA receptors can also regulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway（cAMP） to affect fatigue. The research on key genes in GABA/DA balance mechanism and related cAMP signaling pathway by gene chip technology is expected to reveal the pathogenesis of fatigue in depth. The gene chip method is used to detect the changes of key genes in GABA/DA pathway and the related cAMP signaling pathway in the fatigue population and the normal population， so as to further explore the pathogenesis of fatigue. In this paper， the key genes in GABA/DA balance mechanism and cAMP signaling pathway related to fatigue were summarized by using the review method， so as to provide the basis for further study on the pathogenesis of fatigue and effective prevention and treatment from the perspective of genetics.

Emodin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Activating Autophagy in RAW 264.7 Cells / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of emodin on inflammation and autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and reveal its underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was conducted to find the appropriate dose for emodin. RAW264.7 cells pretreated with different concentrations (0-50 μmol/L) of emodin or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to LPS for 16 h. Cell morphology was examined and propidium iodide staining was used to examine cell cycle. Expressions of inflammation-related proteins [nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κ B) and I-kappaB (I κ B)α] and autophagy-related proteins [light chain (LC)3, P62/sequestosome 1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-mTOR] were examined using Western blot analysis. Expression of inflammation-related cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy was examined with LC3B fluorescence intensity and aggregation. The effect of emodin on autophagy was conducted with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA).@*RESULTS@#The expression of NF-κ B in LPS-induced cells was significantly increased (P<0.01) and simultaneously I κ B α decreased compared with the normal cell (P<0.05). The expressions of TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 proteins in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were significantly higher than in the normal cell (P<0.05 or P<0.01). LPS increased the percentage of cells in the G@*CONCLUSION@#Emodin could inhibit inflammation of mice RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS, possibly through activating autophagy.

Cytotoxic diaporindene and tenellone derivatives from the fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus / 中国天然药物

Nine new compounds, including five natural rarely-occurring 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indene derivatives named diaporindenes E-I (1-5), and four new benzophenone analogues named tenellones J-M (6-9) were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508. All the structures for these new compounds were fully characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data, NMR spectra, and ECD calculation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential anti-tumor activities of compounds 1-9 against four tumor cell lines SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 were evaluated using the SRB method. Compound 7 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the SF-268 cell line with an IC

Prenylated stilbenes and flavonoids from the leaves of Cajanus cajan / 中国天然药物

Three new prenylated stilbenes, named as cajanusins A-C (1-3), and one new natural product cajanusin D (4), along with six known derivatives (5-10) were isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. Their structures were fully elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data in the reported literatures. The new compounds of 1 and 2 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines.

Value of transoral ultrasound guided biopsy for oral tumors / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To determine the value of transoral ultrasound (US) guided biopsy for oral tumors.@*Methods@#A consecutive series of 36 patients who underwent transoral US-guided biopsy of oral tumors were evaluated retrospectively. By testing against histopathological results after surgery, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of transoral US-guided biopsy for oral tumors were calculated. ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve were evaluated.@*Results@#All 36 lesions were successfully performed transoral US-guided biopsy. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of this technique for the diagnosis of oral lesions were 87.0%, 100%, 100%, 81.3% and 91.7% respectively. In ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.935. No serious complications were observed.@*Conclusions@#Transoral US-guided biopsy can be considered as a safe and effective technology for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of oral tumors.

Value of transoral ultrasound guided biopsy for oral tumors / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To determine the value of transoral ultrasound ( US ) guided biopsy for oral tumors . Methods A consecutive series of 36 patients w ho underwent transoral US‐guided biopsy of oral tumors were evaluated retrospectively . By testing against histopathological results after surgery , the diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of transoral US‐guided biopsy for oral tumors were calculated . ROC curves were plotted and the area under the curve were evaluated . Results All 36 lesions were successfully performed transoral US‐guided biopsy . T he diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and accuracy of this technique for the diagnosis of oral lesions were 87 .0% ,100% ,100% ,81 .3% and 91 .7% respectively . In ROC curve analysis , the area under the curve was 0 .935 . No serious complications were observed . Conclusions Transoral US‐guided biopsy can be considered as a safe and effective technology for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of oral tumors .

Therapeutic effect of single Chinese medicine Bidens pilosa grain on hyperlipidemia and its influence on serum levels of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective :To explore therapeutic effect of single Chinese medicine Bidens pilosa grain on hyperlipidemia and its influence on serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1).Methods :A total of 186 hyperlipidemia patients treated in our hospital from Jan 2014 to Jun 2017 were randomly divid‐ed into Bidens pilosa group (n＝94 ,received Bidens pilosa grain based on routine treatment ) and Xuezhikang group (n＝92 ,received Xuezhikang based on routine treatment ).Both groups were treated for two months .Serum levels of total cho‐lesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG ) ,low density lipoprptein cholesterol (LDL‐ C) , high density lipoprptein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ,MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 before and after treatment ,and total effective rate were observed and compared between two groups.Results :Compared with before treatment ,after treatment ,there were significant reductions in serum levels of TC ,TG ,LDL‐C and MMP‐9 [ Bidens pilosa group : (24.46 ± 4.92) μg／L vs.(20.53 ± 2.69) μg／L ,Xuezhikang group :(23.40 ± 2.57) μg／L vs.(19.98 ± 2.02) μg／L] ,and significant rise in serum levels of HDL‐C [ Bidens pilosa group :(1.28 ± 0.45) mmol／L vs.(1.54 ± 0.52) mmol／L , Xuezhikang group : (1.28 ± 0.45) mmol／L vs.(1.55 ± 0.52) mmol／L] and TIMP‐1 [ Bidens pilosa group : (4.67 ± 1.26) μg／L vs.(6.02 ± 2.24) μg／L ,Xuezhikang group :(4.63 ± 1.30) μg／L vs.(6.01 ± 2.31) μg／L] in two groups , P＝0.001 all.After treatment ,there were no significant difference in serum levels of TC ,TG ,LDL‐C ,HDL‐C ,MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 and total effective rate between two groups , P＞0.05 all.Conclusion :Bidens pilosa can significantly improve serum lipid level ,reduce serum level of MMP‐9 and increase serum level of TIMP‐1 in hyperlipidemia patients .It＇s no significant difference compared with Xuezhikang .

Value of national early warning score, quick sequential organ failure assessment and systemic inflammatory response syndrome score in the evaluation of patients with heat stroke / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate national early warning score (NEWS), quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score in predicting of the severity in patients with heat stroke. Methods NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS score of patients with heat stroke in the Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College from July 31st to August 5th, 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The age of patients in death group was older than that in survival group significantly (P < 0.05). The scores of NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS of patients in death group was higher than that in survival group significantly (P < 0.05). The relativity study showed a positive correlation between the score of NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS. The AUC of NEWS, qSOFA, and SIRS were 0.884, 0.804 and 0.627 respectively for the predicting of admission into Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The AUC of NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS were 0.972, 0.898, and 0.673 respectively for the predicting death. Conclusions Both NEWS and qSOFA can be used to predicting the admission into ICU and death. The specificity of NEWS is better in predicting of admission into ICU and death, and qSOFA is better in the sensitivity of predicting death.

Gαi and Gβγ subunits have opposite effects on dexmedetomidine-induced sedation / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Gαiand Gβγsubunits on dexmedetomidine (DMED)-induced sedation.METHODS Kunming mice were randomly placed into three groups(DMED group, DMED+dbcAMP/rolipram/gallein/M119 group, dbcAMP/rolipram/gallein/M119 group) to explore the regulation of dbcAMP/rolipram/gallein/M119 on DMED-induced sedation by establishing loss of righting reflex (LORR) model. DbcAMP/rolipram was intracerebroventricular injected and gallein/M119 was intraperitoneal injected 15 min before DMED intravenous injection. In CHO-α2A-AR cells, after administration of DMED/gallein/M119, the regulation on the cAMP accumulation stimulated by Forskolin (FSK) was detected, so was the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i. The levels of pERK/pCREB were detected by Western Blot to explore the key signal molecules involved in DMED-induced sedation. RESULTS The ED50of DMED-induced LORR (200.0 nmol·kg-1) was increased to 375.0 or 433.3 nmol·kg-1by pre-treatment with cAMP analog dbcAMP(50 nmol/5μl per mouse)or phosphodies-terase 4 inhibitor rolipram(100 nmol/5μl per mouse).In addition,the ED50of DMED-induced LORR was decreased to 113.6 or 136.5 nmol·kg-1when pre-treated with Gβγsubunits inhibitor M119(100 mg·kg-1) or gallein(100 mg·kg-1)respectively.Administration of dbcAMP,rolipram,gallein or M119 alone had little effect on LORR of mice.Gallein(10 μmol·L-1)significantly inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumu-lation in CHO-α2A-AR cells.Compared with Gβγsubunits inhibitors or DMED alone,[Ca2+]iand pERK1/2 significantly increased after co-administration of Gβγsubunits inhibitors with DMED.DbcAMP(5 μmol·L-1) or rolipram (5 μmol·L- 1) alone had little effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but decreased DMED-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation after co-administration with DMED. Gβγsubunit inhibitors treatment increased DMED-induced phosphorylation of CREB, whereas dbcAMP or rolipram had little effect on pCREB induced by DMED.CONCLUSION Gβγsubunits might inhibit DMED-induced sedation through cAMP and pERK1/2 pathway,which was opposite to Gαisubuint.

Improvement and Evaluation of Rat Model of Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Induced by Chronic Restrain Stress / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To modify the rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) induced by chronic restrain stress,and to evaluate the modified model. Methods Thirty specific-pathogen free Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group,one-hour model group and 2-hour model group, 10 rats in each group and half being male. One-hour model group and 2-hour model group were given restrain stress one, 2 hour (s)per day respectively, and the treatment lasted 14 days. On day 7, 14, 21, 28 after modeling,the number of feces grains within 4 hours,area of the excrement and body mass were monitored. On modeling day 28 , abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores for visceral sensitivity were calculated , the pathological features of gastric antrum, duodenal, ileac, colonic tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression level of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A receptor (5-HT3AR) in rat colon tissue was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR). Results Compared with control group,the number of feces grains in one-hour model group showed no obvious changes on day 7, 14, 21, 28, but the area of the excrement was obviously increased and body mass was decreased on day 14 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01);in 2-hour model group,the number of feces grains and area of the excrement were increased on day 21,28, and body mass was decreased obviously on day 7,14,21,28 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). One-hour model group and 2-hour model group had higher AWR scores than the control group (P < 0.05),but the difference between the two model groups was insignificant(P > 0.05). The optical microscopy results showed that no various changes in gastric, duodenal, ileac, colonic tissues in the two model groups as compared with those in the control group. QPCR results showed that the expression level of 5-HT3AR in rat colonic tissues of the two model groups was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), but the expression level of 5-HT3AR in rat colonic tissues of model was not significantly different from that of the control group(P > 0.05). Conclusion IBS-D model can be successfully established with chronic restrain stress for 2 hours per day and lasting for 14 days. Excrement area and AWR scores can be used as the objective indexes for the evaluation of IBS-D model.

Study on visualization of metabolic process of L-stepholidine in living rats by PET/CT in vivo / 中草药

Objective: To exolpre the feasibility to transform the metabolic process of active constituents of Chinese herbal medicine in vivo into images by PET/CT and to make quantitative analysis. Methods: The l-stepholidine was used as study object, and chemical synthesis of 11C-L-SPD was performed in hot room. PET/CT scan was performed in different time, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min after injecting 11C-L-SPD by vail in rats, and the information of brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, and bladder was transferred to the Workststion. The distribution volume ratios (DVR) of the above tissues were obtained. Results: 11C-L-SPD was keeping in a relative higher level in liver and kidney at 5 min. metabolism through the liver, kidney was the main eccrisis organ. The distribution of 11C-L-SPD in liver, kidney, intestine, and bladder was (1.37 ± 0.42)%, (1.10 ± 0.19)%, (0.89 ± 0.18)%, and (0.97 ± 0.111)% respectively at 5 min and was (0.65 ± 0.11)%, (0.54 ± 0.05)%, (5.49 ± 1.44)%, and (9.86 ± 1.88)% respectively at 90 min. Conclusion: PET/CT imaging could observe the distribution and metabolism of 11C-L-SPD dynamically and directly. It could be used in the research of other Chinese medicines.

IL-1ß/NF-kb signaling promotes colorectal cancer cell growth through miR-181a/PTEN axis.

To date, the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis has been largely reported. It was found that miR-181a may be involved in the tumorigenesis of colon cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of miR-181a in colon cancer carcinogenesis. The expression levels of IL-1ß, NF-κB (RelA), and miR-181a in colon cancer tissue were higher than that in normal control tissue when assessed by real-timePCR. In addition, it was found that IL-1ß induced the expression of miR-181a. The expression of PTEN was regulated by IL-1ß-stimulated miR-181a expression. In a PTEN reporter plasmid, miR-181a binding site mutations were introduced. By using a luciferase reporter assay, it was found that wild type reported activity was lower than that of the mutant registration system activity. Furthermore, a siRNA strategy was used to find that IL-1B regulates miR-181a expression via NF-κB and then regulates PTEN expression. Consequently, repression of PTEN by miR-181a promotes colon cancer cell proliferation. Taken together, our data support a critical role for NF-κB-dependent upregulation of miR-181a; this represents a new pathway for the repression of PTEN and the promotion of cell proliferation upon IL-1ß induction.

The numerical model of biosorption of Zn2+ and its application to the bio-electro tower reactor (BETR).

A 2-D numerical kinetic model considering flow velocity and adsorption is developed to simulate the bio-electro tower reactor (BETR). This new model considers the adsorbed amount when equilibrium qe as transient variable, which is superior to the old pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order model which regards qe as a constant. We did research on the intensifying effect of electric field upon heavy metal ions adsorption process. The calculation result matches well with the experimental data. BETR is a coupling technique whose mechanism is that outer electric field can enhance the mass transfer rate when the solute is metal ions. Two kinds of carriers, pottery ball and 3-dimensional electrode (3DE), were used to support the biofilm layer; and organic wastewater that contains Zn(2+) is selected as a sample to validate the model. The 3DE carriers can be polarized by outer electric field, but pottery ball cannot. It is found that Zn(2+) transfers faster in 3DE carriers than in pottery ball (insulation materials); and an intensifying coefficientη is introduced to describe this effect in BETR.

Post-zygotic Point Mutations Are an Underrecognized Source of De Novo Genomic Variation.

De novo mutations are recognized both as an important source of genetic variation and as a prominent cause of sporadic disease in humans. Mutations identified as de novo are generally assumed to have occurred during gametogenesis and, consequently, to be present as germline events in an individual. Because Sanger sequencing does not provide the sensitivity to reliably distinguish somatic from germline mutations, the proportion of de novo mutations that occur somatically rather than in the germline remains largely unknown. To determine the contribution of post-zygotic events to de novo mutations, we analyzed a set of 107 de novo mutations in 50 parent-offspring trios. Using four different sequencing techniques, we found that 7 (6.5%) of these presumed germline de novo mutations were in fact present as mosaic mutations in the blood of the offspring and were therefore likely to have occurred post-zygotically. Furthermore, genome-wide analysis of "de novo" variants in the proband led to the identification of 4/4,081 variants that were also detectable in the blood of one of the parents, implying parental mosaicism as the origin of these variants. Thus, our results show that an important fraction of de novo mutations presumed to be germline in fact occurred either post-zygotically in the offspring or were inherited as a consequence of low-level mosaicism in one of the parents.

Effect of Vav3 gene inhibition on inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the role of Vav3 gene in multidrug resistance (MDR) of gastric cancer and the related mechanism. Methods QRT-PCR was used to examine the expressions of Vav3 gene in gastric cancer tissues, tumor-adjacent tissues, human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901, and gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Then Vav3-siRNA was synthesized and tansfected into SGC7901 cells. MTT assay was then used to determine the inhibition rates of tumor cells exposed to chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, L-OHP) before and after Vav 3-siRNA transfection. Realtime RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to observe the expressions of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) : xIAP, Survivin, and Livin; meanwhile, the expression and activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were also determined. Results Vav3 was over-expressed in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cell line compared with those in tumo-adjacent tissues and gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 (P<0.05). Expression of Vav3 was significantly inhibited by Vav3-siRNA (P<0.01). Inhibition rates of tumor cells exposed to 5-FU and L-OHP were significantly increased 48 h after Vav3-siRNA tansfection (P<0.05). The expressions of xIAP and Survivin were significantly decreased in cancer cells after Vav3-siRNA tansfection (both P<0.05), and no notable change was found for Livin expression; also the expression and activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 protein were significantly increased after Vav3-siRNA tansfection in SGC7901 cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion Vav3 can participate in MDR of gastric cancer by regulating apoptotic pathways, and inhibition of Vav3 can help reverse MDR of gastric cancer cells by regulating some IAPs.